Marine Biodiversity Assessment Techniques

Abstract

Marine biodiversity underpins the stability and resilience of oceanic ecosystems, providing critical ecosystem services and supporting fisheries, tourism, and climate regulation. Accurate assessment of marine biodiversity is essential for conservation, management, and sustainable use. This paper reviews contemporary techniques for assessing marine biodiversity, focusing on remote sensing, in situ sampling, and emerging molecular methods. By evaluating their advantages, limitations, and applications, this study highlights the importance of integrated approaches for effective marine ecosystem monitoring.